TV White Space Communications and Networks by Robert Stewart David Dr. Crawford Andrew Sterling & David Crawford & Andrew Stirling

Author:Robert Stewart,David Dr. Crawford,Andrew Sterling & David Crawford & Andrew Stirling
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780081006153
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2017-11-06T16:00:00+00:00

Keywords

Cognitive radio systems; Energy conservation; Energy-efficient radio resource management; Spectrum broker; TV white spaces

Acknowledgement

This work was funded and supported by the ICT COST Action IC1303-AAPELE, Architectures, Algorithms and Platforms for Enhanced Living Environments.

6.1 Introduction

The pervasive delivery of multiple multimedia services and applications via emerging mobile networking systems increases the requirements for augmented access to radio spectrum resources, generating new challenges to efficiently manage the wireless networks resources and guarantee the maximum possible Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). Several studies on radio spectrum exploitation indicate that large parts of frequency bands are not properly utilised [1], while significant parts of them are currently accessible by future wireless systems if the location and duration aspects are appropriately considered. TV White Spaces (TVWS) can be a part of such un-exploited frequency bands, including gaps in the VHF/UHF bands which were left free after the deployment of digital terrestrial television services, as well as the interleaved radio frequencies that can be accessible by future wireless systems thanks to channel planning schemes [2]. TVWS comprise great portions of frequency bands particularly at specific locations, permitting the proper deployment of energy-efficient wireless systems and the low cost provision of multiple mobile services [3]. In this context, TVWS can be efficiently exploited by emerging mobile networking systems and sophisticated wireless networks infrastructures. In order to address the request for the increasing demand of more available frequency bands, several emerging mobile systems can be exploited, like the LTE-based architectures [4] and the future 5G mobile networks. Such wireless systems enable the provision of heterogeneous multimedia services, supporting increased radio spectrum efficiency, new resource management methods and multiple transmission techniques. Furthermore, such wireless systems are flexible in using different frequency bands when both location and duration aspects are taken into account [5], co-existing with multiple current networking infrastructures.

The deployment of LTE and 5G mobile systems by exploiting TVWS will permit operators to cover a greater number of geographical locations with a small number of local base stations. Therefore, such deployment will minimise the operators' costs regarding the initial infrastructure investment, allowing for the provision of services under lower cost schemes, especially for the mobile users located in dispersed geographical areas. In addition, TVWS can be properly used to alleviate the problem of peak data traffic due to the increased numbers of requests for services from the mobile users located in urban areas. A number of different schemes to share frequency bands under an opportunistic scheme of small or intermediate periods can be adopted to support relief of congested mobile systems experiencing data peak loads. The deployment of such mobile systems needs an emerging resources management framework, appropriate for network infrastructures, where QoS has to be assured. Such a real-time framework is the RTSSM (i.e. Real-Time Secondary Spectrum Market) scheme [6,7], where spectrum trading mechanisms are adopted, in order to allow sophisticated systems to exploit spectrum resources, if the QoS is acceptable. QoS assurance is needed especially for the delay-sensitive applications and services. Such applications are multimedia-based services provided via mobile computing systems and platforms.

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